Last Meaningfully Reformed In 1869.

The Supreme Court was set at nine justices in 1869 and has not been structurally reformed since. Its caseload, its appointment politics, the constitutional questions it now answers, and the public legitimacy on which its authority depends are not the ones the 1869 Court faced. The proposals here address composition (ten justices on eight-year terms, appointed jointly by the Speaker, the Senate Majority Leader, and the Senate Minority Leader rather than the President), accountability for officials acting in their official capacity, and the conditions under which the extraordinary remedy of judicial review is exercised — the structural changes the Court cannot make on its own.