A Strong Office In A Different Federal Government.

The presidency designed by Article II was a strong executive in a weak federal government. It is now a strong executive in a federal government that runs eighteen percent of GDP, fights wars without declarations, and writes most operational law through executive order and rule. The reforms here put load-bearing limits on the office that has accumulated the most power: emergency declarations, executive orders, the pardon, the unitary executive doctrine, and presidential criminal immunity — eliminated for official and unofficial acts alike, before, during, and after office. Each is a correction to a specific failure mode that has materialized since 2000.